457(b) Basics
A plain-language guide to 457(b) retirement plans for first responders and public sector employees. Understand how these plans work, from contributions to withdrawals.
What is a 457(b)?
A 457(b) is a tax-advantaged retirement savings plan available to employees of state and local governments, as well as some tax-exempt organizations. Unlike 401(k) plans, 457(b) plans allow you to withdraw funds without penalty once you separate from service, regardless of age.
Important Note
There are two types of 457(b) plans: governmental and non-governmental. Governmental plans (like those for firefighters, police, and other public employees) are generally more flexible and have better protections. Non-governmental plans have different rules and may have more restrictions.
Contribution Basics
You can contribute a portion of your salary to your 457(b) plan on a pre-tax basis. This reduces your taxable income for the year, which means you pay less in taxes now. The money grows tax-deferred until you withdraw it.
Contribution limits are set by the IRS and can change from year to year. Many plans also offer catch-up contributions if you're within a few years of retirement. Check with your plan administrator for current limits and catch-up provisions.
Contributions are typically made through payroll deduction, making it easy to save automatically. You can usually adjust your contribution percentage or amount at any time.
Withdrawals & Separation Rules
One of the key advantages of a 457(b) plan is that you can withdraw funds without the 10% early withdrawal penalty once you separate from service, regardless of your age. This is different from 401(k) plans, which typically charge penalties for withdrawals before age 59½.
"Separation from service" means you've left your job with the employer sponsoring the plan. This could be retirement, a job change, or termination. Once separated, you can take distributions without penalty, though you'll still owe regular income tax on the withdrawals.
Some plans may have specific rules about when distributions can begin after separation. Check your plan documents for details.
Rollovers
You can roll over your 457(b) funds to another eligible retirement plan, such as an IRA or another 457(b) plan, when you separate from service. This allows you to maintain tax-deferred growth and gives you more control over your investment options.
Caution
Rollover rules can be complex, and mistakes can trigger taxes and penalties. If you're considering a rollover, consult with a tax professional or financial advisor who understands 457(b) plans. Make sure you understand the tax implications and any restrictions before moving funds.
Common Mistakes to Avoid
- Not increasing contributions over time: As your salary grows, increase your contribution percentage to maximize tax benefits and retirement savings.
- Panic selling during market downturns: Market volatility is normal. Selling during downturns locks in losses and prevents recovery. Stay the course with a long-term strategy.
- Not understanding distribution rules: Know when you can take distributions, what taxes apply, and what options you have. Don't wait until retirement to learn the rules.
- Ignoring investment options: Review your plan options regularly and ensure your allocation matches your risk tolerance and time horizon.
- Not taking advantage of employer matching: If your plan offers matching contributions, contribute at least enough to get the full match—it's free money.
OKC Playbook Coming Soon
We're working on an OKC-specific guide that will cover the realities of the Voya menu, Schwab sweep mechanics, and OKC-specific workflow tips. This will help you navigate the actual implementation details for Oklahoma City firefighters.